Pros and Cons of Building a Casino in Your Neighborhood

Pro’s †¢ New Jobs †¢ Entertainment †¢ Expand Tourism †¢ Contribution to Community †¢ Contribution to Charitable Organizations †¢ Lower taxes for Residents †¢ Tax Revenues †¢ Higher Wages †¢ Higher Property Value †¢ Extends Visitors Stay in Area †¢ Money put back into Local Economy †¢ Adds to a City †¢ Attracts People †¢ Traffic of People – Better Known Con’s †¢ Street Crime †¢ Prostitution †¢ Takes from Local businesses †¢ No New Businesses †¢ Erosion of Work Ethic †¢ Pathological Gamblers †¢ Increased Bankruptcy Rates †¢ Preys on Poor and Elderly †¢ Lost Productivity †¢ Traffic Congestion †¢ Entry Level Jobs – Low Paying Reality Money not re-spent in Local Economy †¢ No Taxes †¢ Environmental Effects Three essential conditions must be simultaneously satisfied if a particular cost is to be classified as a private cost: 1. G amblers must be fully informed 2. Gamblers must be rational 3. Gamblers must be required to bear the total costs of their gambling If any one of these conditions fails to be satisfied, an element of social costs exists. For example, if gamblers cease work in order to gamble and gamble away their family assets, leaving their families to claim social welfare benefits, the rest of the community is bearing social casts.The gamblers may have mad rational decisions in that they know that the community will provide a safety net. They might have made different decisions had the safety net not existed. One distinction that must be made is between real and pecuniary costs. Real costs represent a withdrawal of resources from other potential uses- they represent a subtraction from society’s total welfare. Pecuniary costs represent costs borne by some members of the community but which are exactly matched by benefits received by others. For example, assume that gambling increases levels o f corruption in the public and private sectors.Corruption can have both pecuniary and real effects. It can produce a redistribution of income, which is a pecuniary effect. It can also produce a real deterioration in efficiency as productive resources are allocated according to sub-optimal, non-economic criteria. Generally speaking, when identifying the real costs, we can classify the costs and benefits on gambling into two categories- tangible and intangible. Tangible costs are costs that can be valued in the marketplace. Any reduction in these costs will yield resources that will become available to the community for consumption or investment purposes.Intangible costs are costs that cannot be readily valued in the marketplace and which, when reduced, will not yield resources to the community for consumption or investment purposes. Examples of both tangible and intangible costs of gambling: Tangible Productionreduced on the job productivity Reduced workforce Reduced unpaid household services Heath and Counselingpsychological treatment of gamblers Treatment of families of gamblers Treatment of victims of crime attributable to gambling CrimePolicing Judicial systems Penal systems Insurance administration Regulationregulation supervision Regulatory programs ResearchEvaluationDevelopment Welfare PreventionCrime prevention Intangible Loss of life Suffering Quality of life Cultural impacts Stress to crime victims Stress to gamblers and others The purpose of this paper is to assess the economic impacts of Casino gambling within a community. The Seneca Indian Tribe opened a temporary casino on its land in Buffalo after federal approval, to satisfy its agreement with the state. The majority of the community are now turning their heads and not showing interest for the casino. They believe the operations will adversely affect the economic and social environment of the already struggling city.The community is looking for other sources of revenue and find out ways how to c lean up the streets. Opportunity cost is any good or service that has value of all the other goods or services that we must give up in order to produce it. We all use the idea of â€Å"opportunity cost† in our everyday lives. The Casino in downtown Buffalo will drain money from the city and local businesses will be affected by the advancements of the casino. The casino is looking to expand to a high class resort that will have room availability and food/beverage.The negative aspect is that the people that enter the casino will not leave to go out to local restaurants or hotels and spend dollars in the all ready weakened Buffalo economy. The casino will provide jobs, the jobs will be at a lower pay and with few, if any, of the protections against displacement. A downtown casino would severely devastate and/or drive out many of Buffalo’s restaurants, hotels and nightlife in the area. Many studies have been performed on Casino gambling and the economic impacts. Many econo mists have researched how the casinos do not contribute to local businesses and negative reputation within communities.Casinos are not helping the economy but only themselves. It is not appropriate for Buffalo to have to struggle anymore due to Seneca Indians and their eagerness to start up something is bound to fail. In New York State our way to protect the environment of nature and humanity. Indian casinos are also exempt from New York health codes, they can permit smoking. Employees in casinos have none of New York’s health protections, and even if they did they can’t sue in New York courts, so they have nowhere to go if they are injured by inhaling second hand smoke.The people buying the tax-free tobacco are not even contributing to the state budget, part of which in part pays for the huge cost of tobacco smoke and leads many to develop lung disease. Questions, discussions, and opinions are on a rise to whether a new casino should be built in Buffalo, New York. If we ask what benefits, or what economic development will this casino bring to the community there would not be enough answers as to compare to the negative effects it will actually bring.This essay will discuss the economic impacts, social and opportunity costs brought by casinos from economist researchers who have showed significant points to why casino worsen the economy and making it harder for local businesses and employment opportunity. To answer the question, â€Å"What is economic development? †Dr. Grinols professor of economics at Baylor University and author of Gambling in America: cost and benefits, 2004 said, â€Å"When individuals undertake productive activity, they engage in the creation of goods and service that provide greater welfare or satisfaction than the inputs used. † (Grinols 2004).Economic development is the creation of greater value by society from its available resources which means greater income and wealth, which lead to greater utility for me mbers of society (Grinols 2004). Dr. Grinols claims when a casino hires a hundred new employees they are equivalent to the same hundred loss jobs at other businesses, and casinos revenues are matched by reduced revenues at those other businesses, which leads to no economic development because greater value is not created. Casinos not only create economic loss, they intensify the problem by taking the money they get from the casinos out of he local communities (Day 2008). The casino industry do not re-spent their profits into the local economy. Statistics show thirty five to eighty seven percent of the profits are sent out of state in the form of vendor contracts, capital investment dividends and parent company profit sharing. The money does not get reinvested into the community, which is the foundation of economic development. In defense to the negative impact brought by casinos, the gambling industry tries to prove that casinos create job opportunity as a measure of economic develo pment; however Dr.Grinols argues that job creation is not an indicator of economic development and that local residents may not benefit at all from job creation. He goes on to say jobs are neither necessary nor sufficient for economic development. Secondly he argued, â€Å"A significant amount of promotional material claims that casinos decrease unemployment,† but most importantly because casinos represent a negative and not a positive economic development, in the long run the number of jobs are drastically decreasing and not created.In 2007 professor Frederic H. Murphy of Temple University proved in his economic impact analysis of expanded gambling in Philadelphia, because money was leaving the area and not staying in the local economy there will be a loss of over four thousand jobs. Dr. Grinols claims â€Å"according to research not sponsored by the casino industry, commercial casinos nationwide generated job loss in more than forty two percent of the counties with casinos .

Paper Issues – Mobile Ecommerce

S30057544 Christopher Navarro Atarama S30057544 Christopher Navarro Atarama Mobile E-Commerce ITECH 3212 E-commerce 2 – Assignment 1 Mobile E-Commerce ITECH 3212 E-commerce 2 – Assignment 1 Table of Contents 1Abstract2 2Introduction2 3Definitions2 4Mobile E-commerce infrastructure3 5Privacy issues4 6Security issues4 7Mobile Client Device Technologies and Issues5 8Mobile devices applications issues6 9Bibliography7 * Abstract The following report is a document made with the intention of accomplishes the first assignment of E-Commerce 2 course of the University of Ballarat at IIBIT Sydney. The aim of this report is give a general overview about Mobile E-Commerce or M-Commerce and its different issues in the actuality. Introduction Day by day, new technologies come up bringing new ways of communication and interconnection, using the great network: Internet. This network, in addition, opens a wide door of electronic business opportunities known as E-Commerce (Roehl-Anderson, 2010). In the actuality, and with the development of new technologies in mobile devices area, make electronic commerce is more accessible, fast and mobile (Antovski & Gusev, 2009). This new E-business model is known as Mobile E-commerce or M-Ecommerce. According with Antovski & Gusev (2009), M-Commerce is defined as any transaction with monetary value that is conducted via a mobile telecommunications network. M-Commerce like Ecommerce can be B2B (business to business), P2P (person to person) or B2C (business to customer) oriented. The framework divides into couple sub areas based on user’s distribution criterion. Mobile Ecommerce addresses electronic commerce via mobile devices, where the consumer is not in physical or eye contact with the goods that are being purchased. Definitions Mobile Devices: Also referred to as handheld devices, are generally poket-sized devices with computing capabilities (including smartphones, PDAs, etc. ). These devices generally offer robust functionality without the restriction associated with heavier, tethered equipped (Harris, 2010). E-commerce: E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term,  e-business, are often used interchangeably. For online retail selling, the term  e-tailing  is sometimes used (Harris, 2010). Smartphone: A cellular telephone with built-in applications and Internet access. Smartphones provide digital voice service as well as text messaging, e-mail, Web browsing, still and video cameras, MP3 player, video viewing and often video calling. In addition to their built-in functions, smartphones can run myriad applications, turning the once single-minded cellphone into a mobile computer. Mobile E-commerce infrastructure The mobile e-commerce evolution is being fuelled by the same forces that enabled ecommerce by PC users (Buccafurri, 2010). According with Antovski & Gusev (2009), there has been considerable investment in mobile e-commerce by banks, hardware providers, cellular operators, and content providers that is leading mobile consumers to eventually have the same satisfactory experience, in terms of content and variety, that they have come to appreciate from their PC Several banking projects are underway to fund the payment architecture needed to address the mobile consumer. MasterCard International announced in May, 2000 that it would launch a fund for start-ups and established companies dedicated to the development of new roducts and services involving smart cards, e-commerce and m-commerce that strategically supports MasterCard’s member institutions (Winter, 2010). Visa, likewise, announced it was teaming up with Cyberbills and Aether Systems to create an â€Å"anytime, anywhere bill payment service†. Credit Mutual, a French bank, is teaming up with MasterCard International and Europay Internation al on an EMV-compliant mobile commerce pilot in France. Included in this global agreement are hardware providers France Telecom, Oberthur Card Systems, and Motorola. Other pilots are planned in Germany, Canada, Australia, Hong Kong, the UK and the US. Hardware companies are equally important stakeholders in the mobile commerce revolution (Buccafurri, 2010). Efforts are underway in developing standards and forming partnerships and consortiums between industry leaders to establish the platform for building the mobile commerce industry. Cellular handset manufacturers are leading this effort with developing next generation digital phones that will carry voice and data over new communications networks that will rival the wired market for transmission speeds and internet access. The big three; Ericsson, Nokia, and Motorola control over 50% of the handset market worldwide. They have formed an alliance called the Global M-commerce Standard. The objective of this alliance is to develop standards that will reduce the time to market for hardware, applications, and communications. Analysts predict that by 2003, there will be more cell phones that are capable of accessing the Internet than PCs. The ability of the cellular industry to quickly achieve worldwide standards like GSM, WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and WAN (Wireless Application Network) has contributed to position they find themselves in leading the mobile commerce revolution. The consortium has wisely included operators and financial institutions into the mix to make sure the services will keep up with the technology (Australian Interactive Media Industry Association, 2009). Privacy issues Privacy issues have always been a key reason for potential online consumers to avoid E-Commerce (Jun Xu, 2010). In the early days of E-commerce, a significant fraction of consumers thought that credit cards could be â€Å"snatched† off the Internet. Solid encryption technologies have reduced most of those fears, and for the most part, new consumers don't orry about losing credit cards while online (Cruz-Cunha, 2010). However, there remains some very real privacy issues associated with conducting transactions electronically, which may be exacerbated with the capacity to undertake mobile transactions. These include unauthorized access to stored data, especially personal information and transaction history. Security issues According to Francesco Buccafurri (2010), s ecuring m-commerce may be even more difficult than protecting wired transaction. Constrained bandwidth and computing power, memory limitations, battery life and various network configurations all come into play, raise the questions as to whether there will be adequate security for users without compromising the ease of use and speed. In the use of text messaging, a number of security issues have already been identified, and will extend to the use of m-commerce (Buccafurri, 2010). While a direct SMS message is relatively safe because it is encrypted for its transition from one mobile handset to the other, because of its store forward nature, messages are vulnerable to being corrupted. Like voice messages, SMS' are stored on a server before being forwarded to the receiver. There is no mandatory encryption and access protection for storage. The only way to secure the entire transmission would be with end-to-end encryption. Messages exchanged between two service providers can also be violated in transit if the link between the two networks is not protected. If this information is payment details or authorities to make transactions, there is even more danger (Lee, 2009). The reliability of SMS messages is also in question. Unlike in Europe, where message delivery confirmation can be obtained by pressing a three-digit code, no confirmation is issued in Australia. The capacity to check and ensure that sent messages are received will be essential to build and maintain trust in the use of m-commerce. Mobile technologies manufacturers are developing improved security for applications with authentication and encryption technologies. However, there are two trade-offs for increased security, namely price and style (Cruz-Cunha, 2010). Mobile Client Device Technologies and Issues According to Antovski & Gusev (2009), the interactivity devices or mobile client devices currently most important to mobile e-commerce are mobile telephones, handheld computers, laptop computers, and vehicle-mounted interfaces. Hybrid devices are now appearing, such as the crosses between mobile phones and handheld devices (sometimes called smartphones), but the question remains as to what form the devices will ultimately take, which is an important issue for mobile system developers. Usability will become more critical with handheld and phone devices, which differ from desktop and laptop computers in terms of their smaller screen sizes, less available memory, and limited input devices (Antovski & Gusev, 2009). Many handheld devices are limited to a few lines of text, and do not have traditional keyboards. One usability issue is the need for organizations to determine how people can best use applications and access information through different devices. Mobile devices have forced developers to carefully revisit both operating systems and applications software on a variety of platforms (Jun Xu, 2010). Operating systems such as Microsoft’s Pocket PC and Palm’s PalmOS have been developed for handheld devices. Although this software meets some of the current needs, it has limited functionality. The creation of system software with increased functionality for devices with limited capabilities will be an ongoing challenge. Another important building block for this emerging infrastructure landscape may be the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), which enables wireless devices such as mobile phones to access the Internet (Kr. Sharma, Sharma, & Raj, 2011). Many WAP-enabled devices have already appeared, although there is doubt as to whether WAP will become a globally accepted standard, especially with the popularity of Japan’s i-mode. Developers ultimately face the issue of deciding which set of protocols to accept, or risk the potential problems of working with multiple standards and/or choosing to ignore some. Mobile devices applications issues Many of mobile devices applications are currently constrained by technology limitations and issues described previously. According Juhnyoung Lee (2009), there are two fundamental application issues that researchers and developers must address are what tasks do users want to do without regard for temporal or spatial constraints and how to provide support for these tasks through wireless applications. Mobile e-commerce payment systems can also benefit from wireless technology (Skeldon, 2011). One scenario involves a consumer not having to stand in line to make a purchase, but simply paying for an item though a wireless device. Final payments might even be billed to a telephone company. Bluetooth technology may enable a list of available services to be generated automatically on a device when a user walks close to a Bluetooth-equipped cash register. Wireless technology is well suited for bringing e-commerce to automobiles and other forms of transportation (Lee, 2009). Traffic advisory systems can warn of impending traffic jams. Cars will eventually be able to report potential problems to service centres themselves. The service centre might even make minor adjustments to the car online. Car-mounted devices will eventually allow regular Internet access, although safety issues of â€Å"browsing while driving† must be addressed. While most initial mobile commerce applications seem to be aimed at the business-to-consumer market, business-to-business and intranet applications are also appearing (Lee, 2009). Service technicians can be dynamically assigned new tasks and sent problem information while they are traveling. Sales people can go literally anywhere in the field and access product information and customer accounts, although the applications right now are still subject to the constraints of current wireless devices. Organizations must address the issue of designing complex, robust applications that work well within these current (and any foreseeable) device limitations. Flexibility can be integrated into designs to enable future functionality. Conclusions Mobile electronic commerce enables the consumer to be able to conduct their business while on the move. In today’s fast-paced society, people are always looking to do everything on the go and do not want to be slowed down. Also, as technology changes throughout the years, people are now looking for their mobile devices to perform more tasks than ever before. It seems logical for people to want access to the Internet through their mobile devices and to want to take care of their business through these devices. Through the origin of mobile electronic commerce, people are now able to conduct their business over the Internet without having to sit in front of their computer all day. This saves consumers time because they no longer have to be logged onto their personal computer at home or work. This allows consumers to be mobile and on the go. But, mobile electronic commerce has also helped the companies as well. Bibliography Antovski, L. , & Gusev, M. (2009). M-Commerce Services. Retrieved August 09, 2011, from http://delab. csd. auth. gr/bci1/Balkan/15Antovski. pdf Australian Interactive Media Industry Association. (2009). Australian Mobile Phone lifestyle index. Buccafurri, F. (2010). E-Commerce and Web Technologies: 11th International Conference, EC-Web 2010, Bilbao, Spain, September 1-3, 2010, Proceedings. Springer. Cook, A. , & Goette, T. (2009). Mobile Electronic Commerce: What Is It? Who Uses It? And Why Use It? . Communications of the IIMA . Cruz-Cunha, M. M. (2010). E-Business Issues, Challenges and Opportunities for SMEs: Driving Competitiveness. Idea Group Inc (IGI). Encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 10, 2011, from PCMag. com: http://www. pcmag. com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=Smartphone&i=51537,00. asp Harris, C. (2010, September). Ebook glossary. Retrieved August 10, 2011, from Library Journal: http://www. libraryjournal. com/lj/articlereview/886887-457/the_lj_ebook_glossary. html. csp Jun Xu, M. Q. (2010). E-business in the 21st century: realities, challenges and outlook. World Scientific. Kr. Sharma, R. , Sharma, R. , & Raj, S. (2011). CONFRONTS AND ISSUES IN M-COMMERCE: A BUSINESS ON MOBILE AND NET APPROACH. International Journal of Information Technology and Knowledge Management. Lee, J. (2009). Data engineering issues in e-commerce and services: second international workshop, DEECS 2009, San Francisco, CA, USA, June 26, 2006 : proceedings. San Fransisco: Springer. Roehl-Anderson, J. M. (2010). IT Best Practices for Financial Managers. John Wiley and Sons. Skeldon, P. (2011). M-Commerce. Crimson Publishing, Limited. Winter, R. (2010). Global Perspectives on Design Science Research: 5th International Conference, DESRIST 2010, St. Gallen, Switzerland, June 4-5, 2010. Proceedings. Springer.

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Applied Research Project Capstone - Essay Example The Department of Homeland Security (2010) also argues that the new and evolving threats that need close attention are cyber security, prevention of cyber crime, and the protection of the critical infrastructure. The article provides information on how through international cooperation there have been efforts to foster the establishment of the national and international watch and warning networks in order to detect and prevent cyber attacks as they emerge. Information on public awareness on cyber security is also found in the article. Besides, there is also information on the need for coordination and cooperation between the government and the private sector to ensure cyber security. The article by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (2014), provides a framework for enhancing critical infrastructure cyber security. Since the United States’ cyberspace is connected to the rest of the world, attacks can cross the border at lightening speed. The article also provides information on the significance of critical infrastructure to the national and economic security of the nation. Moreover, there is information on how internet traffic can be monitored and malicious intrusions to the critical infrastructure systems detected. Department of Homeland Security. (2010). Preventing and Defending Against Cyber Attacks. Retrieved February 26, 2015, from: http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/defending-against-cyber-attacks-november-2010.pdf National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2014). Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cyber Security. Retrieved February 26, 2015, from

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The Customer Analysis and Market Segmentation Essay

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Quality Management - Research Paper Example Due to heavy losses incurred in the past five months, the bookshop is undergoing a change in management structure. The change is to take effect from next month and it will only involve the replacement of the accountant. Leadership team: The management team involved in implementing the success of the bookshop is the priest who is the chief executive officer. The manager is the chairman of the senior youth group of the church. Finally the accountant is any qualified senior youth member. The priest is the chief executive of the bookshop. His responsibility is overseeing the running of the business from the management to the actual transactions. He is the chief advisor to the manager. He authorizes orders and co-sign major documents together with the manager. He chairs all executive meetings of the bookshop. The manager is the authoritative head of the bookshop. His responsibility ranges from decision making to planning. He is involved in the daily running of the business at the management level. He oversees all the operations of the bookshop and he is the reporting figure of the bookshop. The accountant records every transaction in the bookshop. He is responsible for all the bookkeeping in the bookshop. He ensures all the legal regulations of operating a bookshop are followed. He updates the inventory control ledgers and advice on order quantities and periods. Culture: The culture of the senior youth bookshop is the principles, integrity and values. The value of the bookshop is the customers, staff members and all the other stakeholders. The Principles are to offer the best customer service and products. Also to ensure the books and products offered are the best quality available in the market. The integrity of the bookshop is charging fair prices and fair business practices. The changes needed are: (1) restructuring the management structure. (2) Improving the selling strategies of the bookshop. Existing improvement initiatives: The initiatives are to improve

Discrimination and the Arts Essay Example for Free

Discrimination and the Arts Essay 1. W.E.B Du Bois makes a strong and persuasive argument about â€Å"double consciousness† and racial struggle in America. ANSWER THIS QUESTION: Do you agree that â€Å"art†Ã¢â‚¬â€broadly defined—can be an antidote or a form of resistance against certain kinds of discrimination? 2. Take a position on this issue by first exploring at least three of our course texts, starting with Du Bois and leading through several of our other readings (Martin Luther King, Alice Walker, bell hooks, or any of the other writers we’ve read in this unit or the previous unit on disability). IN OTHER WORDS, you must use Du Bois and at least two other authors in Cultural Conversations. Is there, for example, an art to the practice of nonviolence such as King describes, or to the use of language discussed in Linton and Slackjaw? 3. Ultimately, your exploration of these connected ideas should lead to a clear position of your own, and you must demonstrate in this paper that you can synthesize a number of differing ideas in the pursuit of your own argument. We will discuss strategies to do so in class. 4. Provide an example from contemporary culture of people resisting (or not resisting) discrimination. Use this example to demonstrate your position on art as resistance. Consider questions such as: would art have helped the less empowered people fight back? Did art play a part in the arguments against discrimination? In what ways does art address discrimination in your example? You may use print or web sources for this example as long as you document these carefully. In addition, you must define what you mean by â€Å"art† in order to construct a strong argument. 5. Include in your paper an acknowledgement and rebuttal of an opposing or counter-argument. This section of your paper may be short, but it is a vital aspect of your paper, so don’t forget to include it. IN OTHER WORDS, give the other side of your answer to the top question about art as an effective form of resistance and then argue against it. If you answer â€Å"yes,† then say how people could argue â€Å"no† and argue against them. 6. You will need to use at least five sources for this paper: THREE from Cultural Conversations (Du Bois plus two others) and TWO related to your example (they can be nonscholarly). 7. GRADING BASED ON: forming a thesis, showing originality, constructing and organizing your argument, using  textual evidence, showing you understand the main themes of the course/unit, meeting stylistic and grammatical standards, and finding and using sources. 8. Use MLA format and citation style. Also use 1 inch margins and Times New Roman or similar font. No cover page please. Number your pages and include a header with your name and my name on it. Staple your paper. Don’t forget a title. Proofread. W.E.B. Du Bois Marcus Garvey Booker T. Washington Langston Hughes Anna Julia Cooper Frances E.W. Harper Anonymous Reviewer Lifting the Veil of Ignorance, B.T. Washington Memorial at Tuskegee University From Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man (1952): â€Å"Then in my minds eye I see the bronze statue of the college Founder, the cold Father symbol, his hands outstretched in the breathtaking gesture of lifting a veil that flutters in hard, metallic folds above the face of a kneeling slave; and I am standing puzzled, unable to decide whether the veil is really being lifted, or lowered more firmly in place; whether I am witnessing a revelation or a more efficient blinding.† Bob Marley â€Å"Redemption Song† â€Å"Emancipate yourself from mental slavery None but ourselves can free our minds.† Langston Hughes â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† Frances E.W. Harper â€Å"The Burdens of All† From W.E.B. Du Bois’ Criteria of Negro Art: PAGE 160: â€Å"The apostle of beauty thus becomes the apostle of truth and right not by choice but by inner and outer compulsion. Free he is but his freedom is ever bounded by truth and justice; and slavery only dogs him when he is denied the right to tell the truth or recognize an ideal of justice†¦ Thus, all art is propaganda and ever must be, despite the wailing of the purists†¦ I do not care a damn for any art that is not used for propaganda. But I do care when propaganda is confined to one side while the other is stripped and silent.†

Transaction Processing System And Management Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Transaction Processing System And Management Information Systems Information Technology Essay Information System has different types as mentioned above. They are Transaction processing system, Management Information Systems(MIS), Office Automation Systems (OAS), Document Management System (DMS), Decision Support System(DSS), Executive Support System(ESS), Expert System(ES), Knowledge Work System(KWS), Acquiring Information System, Information System Security and Control, Impacts of Information System etc., These types is related to different departments in an organisation such as Operational Manager, Data worker, Middle Manager, Senior Manager etc,. The below diagram shows how the types supports different departments in an organisation. The manager, who maintains, controls and improves the activities in an organisation for better services and goods to customers. The manager checks day to day operations and with the results they will take certain activities. One of the major day to day activities is Transaction processing system. This Transaction Processing is a type in information system. The transaction process is a set of information that may be order, payment, scanned information etc., through computer and need to be updated in a database and database must sent conformation at same time for the request. Transaction process contains two types of processes they are Batch Transaction Process and Real Time Transaction Process. The batch transaction means it collects the data and stored in Database and doesnt respond immediately during process. The best example of BTP is mobile invoices, Bank statements, checks etc. The Real Time Transaction Process means it collects the data and responds immediately for the process a nd saves the records in database. The best example of RTP is Withdrawal money, Deposit money, and Scanned payment results in retail stores. Any business that may be online or offline runs under these two processes works. The below diagram show the basic transaction process which involves user, purpose and the type of process   Ã‚  Ref:  Board of studies NSW, Stage 6 Information Processes and Technology, Preliminary and HSC Courses (2007, page 14) Data Workers: The persons who work for the company are known as data workers. The best example for data workers are employees. The information system types comes under this department are Knowledge management system (KMS) and Office automation system (OAS). In any organisation KMS is used to capture, organise and create business processes in efficient and innovative way. To get the right information we collect data and apply knowledge. The organisation success depends upon the knowledge. All the employees in an organisation must share their thoughts for the organisation goal. The professional people who works for the KMS acts as advisors and give assistance for both Top level and Middle level management. These People develop new knowledge for the organisation and integrated it with existing knowledge which is nothing but updating the system. Example for KMS is the banks say that deposit money in banks for protection. In addition to that the knowledge they use to increase the customers is if you de posit the money for more than a year we will give an additional 5% for the money which means if you deposit $100 then at the end of the year you own $105. OAS is an additional tool to make the process easy in the organisation. A computer system which allows variety of application such as Microsoft word, Emails, Calender and even sharing resources each other through a connected network. This is used mainly by office workers who supports managers at all levels. The best example for OAS is Microsoft word. This application is of user interface which helps to make the documents more easy and has additional facilities like spell correction, word count etc. Middle Manager: This is one of the department/layer in an organisation. The major role is to monitor subordinates like data workers, operational manager before reporting to upper manager. The Information system types that involve in this department are Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS), and Intelligent Support System (ISS). Manage information tells manager how to manage information for a particular situation. This information is managed in accurate, timely and relevant for situations. System is a combination of different levels in an organisation. MIS is defined as combination of different layers in organisation, people and documents to know the organisation problems and provide appropriate information for the problem. Accessing, Organising, Summarizing and displayed information for supporting routine decision making in the functional areas. The four types of MIS are TPS, OIS, DCS and Expert Systems. The example for MIS is for an online bank bill payment, the account holder has an option to transfer the amount for a particular date in each month. The bank transfers money each month on that date and send a email with information about how much money is detected, time of transfer and date of transfer. DSS is a system used to make decision with the help of wide range of resources. This system interacts with the people by using range of resources to make decisions which we see in organisation. For example, company wants to sell books internationally through online. To do this the company need to think wether the decision made is wise for business. Company can use DSS for making decisions with the help of company information and also by other resources. This result gives an idea for the company to expand the business internationally or not. http://www.answers.com/topic/information-systems http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/287895/information-system http://dictionary.bnet.com/definition/operations+management.html http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=transaction+processingi=53077,00.asp http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/ipt/trans_systems/4-1/tps.htm http://www.ehow.com/how_5624741_start-knowledge-management-system.html http://www.systems-thinking.org/kmgmt/kmgmt.htm http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/office_automation.html http://www.gregvogl.net/courses/mis1/glossary.htm http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-management-information-systems.htm

Gabriels Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce Essay -- Joyce Dead Es

Gabriel's Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people in society feel alienated from the world and separated from their fellow man while others may try to find meaning where none exists.   In James Joyce's "The Dead," Gabriel Conroy faces these problems and questions his own identity due to a series of internal attacks and external factors that lead him to an epiphany about his relation to the world; this epiphany grants him a new beginning.   The progression in Gabriel from one who feels disconnected to one who has hope parallels Joyce's changing view of Ireland from finding it to be a place of inaction to one where again hope and beauty thrive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In "The Dead" Gabriel Conroy and his wife attend a party thrown annually by two of Gabriel ¹s aunts.   The set of external circumstances at this party focuses attention on the futility and meaninglessness of Gabriel ¹s life.   The conversation at the party is mostly about people who have died and how they seemed to have been forgotten by the party guests (Magalaner 223).   This subject affects Gabriel, making him consider how his accomplishments will survive his own demise.   The definitive lack of anything meaningful in the discussion at the party also disturbs Gabriel.   Joyce demonstrates the "failure of politics, religion, and art to provide any meaningful outlet for the impulses that glimmer through the party" (Werner, 58).   Even the man playing the piano is producing "pretentious sound without substance" (Walzl 236).   Gabriel ¹s surrounding environment forces him to continually attempt to make sense of his own actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his aunts ¹ party, Gabriel also sees his own incapacity for action.   This party happens every year, but instead of viewing it as "traditio... ..., 1988.   23-38. Joyce, James.   "The Dead."   The Norton Anthology of English Literature.   Ed. M. H. Abrams.   New York:   Norton, 1996.   2345-2373.    Magalaner, Marvin, and Richard M. Kain.   Joyce:   The Man, the Word, the Reputation.   1956. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   216-224.    Tate, Allen.   "Three Commentaries:   Poe, James, and Joyce."   The Sawnee Review Vol LVIII (1950):   1-15. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   203-204.    Walzl, Florence L.   "Gabriel and Michael:   The conclusion of ?The Dead. ¹"   James Joyce Quarterly Vol 4 (1966):   17-31. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   233-239. Werner, Craig Hansen.   Dubliners:   A Pluralistic World.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1988.   56-72. Gabriel's Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce Essay -- Joyce Dead Es Gabriel's Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people in society feel alienated from the world and separated from their fellow man while others may try to find meaning where none exists.   In James Joyce's "The Dead," Gabriel Conroy faces these problems and questions his own identity due to a series of internal attacks and external factors that lead him to an epiphany about his relation to the world; this epiphany grants him a new beginning.   The progression in Gabriel from one who feels disconnected to one who has hope parallels Joyce's changing view of Ireland from finding it to be a place of inaction to one where again hope and beauty thrive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In "The Dead" Gabriel Conroy and his wife attend a party thrown annually by two of Gabriel ¹s aunts.   The set of external circumstances at this party focuses attention on the futility and meaninglessness of Gabriel ¹s life.   The conversation at the party is mostly about people who have died and how they seemed to have been forgotten by the party guests (Magalaner 223).   This subject affects Gabriel, making him consider how his accomplishments will survive his own demise.   The definitive lack of anything meaningful in the discussion at the party also disturbs Gabriel.   Joyce demonstrates the "failure of politics, religion, and art to provide any meaningful outlet for the impulses that glimmer through the party" (Werner, 58).   Even the man playing the piano is producing "pretentious sound without substance" (Walzl 236).   Gabriel ¹s surrounding environment forces him to continually attempt to make sense of his own actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his aunts ¹ party, Gabriel also sees his own incapacity for action.   This party happens every year, but instead of viewing it as "traditio... ..., 1988.   23-38. Joyce, James.   "The Dead."   The Norton Anthology of English Literature.   Ed. M. H. Abrams.   New York:   Norton, 1996.   2345-2373.    Magalaner, Marvin, and Richard M. Kain.   Joyce:   The Man, the Word, the Reputation.   1956. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   216-224.    Tate, Allen.   "Three Commentaries:   Poe, James, and Joyce."   The Sawnee Review Vol LVIII (1950):   1-15. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   203-204.    Walzl, Florence L.   "Gabriel and Michael:   The conclusion of ?The Dead. ¹"   James Joyce Quarterly Vol 4 (1966):   17-31. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   233-239. Werner, Craig Hansen.   Dubliners:   A Pluralistic World.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1988.   56-72.

THE CHRISTIAN CONCEPT OF GOD Essay -- essays research papers

THE CHRISTIAN CONCEPT OF GOD Christians claim that their concept of God is found in the Bible. Known as classical theism, this view of God has long been considered the orthodox theistic position of the Western world. Though there are numerous divine attributes that we could examine, for our present purposes it is sufficient to say that the God of classical theism is at least (1) personal and incorporeal (without physical parts), (2) the Creator and Sustainer of everything else that exists, (3) omnipotent (all-powerful), (4) omniscient (all-knowing), (5) omnipresent (everywhere present), (6) immutable (unchanging) and eternal, and (7) necessary and the only God. Let us now briefly look at each of these attributes. 1. Personal and Incorporeal. According to Christian theism, God is a personal being who has all the attributes that we may expect from a perfect person: self-consciousness, the ability to reason, know, love, communicate, and so forth. This is clearly how God is described in the Scriptures (e.g., Gen. 17:11; Exod. 3:14; Jer. 29:11). God is also incorporeal. Unlike humans, God is not uniquely associated with one physical entity (i.e., a body). This is why the Bible refers to God as Spirit (John 4:24). 2. The Creator and Sustainer of Everything Else that Exists. In classical theism, all reality is contingent on God — that is, all reality has come into existence and continues to exist because of Him. Unlike a god who forms the universe out of preexistent matter, the God of classical theism created the universe ex nihilo (out of nothing). Consequently, it is on God alone that everything in the universe depends for its existence (see Acts 17:25; Col. 1:16, 17; Rom. 11:36; Heb. 11:3; 2 Cor. 4:6; Rev. 4:11). 3. Omnipotent. God is also said to be omnipotent or all-powerful. This should be understood to mean that God can do anything that is (1) logically possible (see below), and (2) consistent with being a personal, incorporeal, omniscient, omnipresent, immutable, wholly perfect, and necessary Creator. Concerning the latter, these attributes are not limitations of God's power, but perfections. They are attributes at their infinitely highest level, which are essential to God's nature. For example, since God is perfect, He cannot sin; because He is personal, He is incapable of making Himself impersonal; because He is omniscient, He cannot forget. All th... ...o right action. Natural evil confers no additional benefits that moral evil cannot accomplish to the same degree and extent, and in fact natural evil is not even adequate to foster interpersonal moral virtues, such as forgiveness and tolerance. A benevolent God would allow no more evil than is absolutely necessary to achieve his ends. Because natural evil is gratuitous, its existence is incompatible with the existence of God. God, if he existed, could conceivably alter the laws of nature so that evil would only result when triggered by human action. However, manifest natural evil independent of human will, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tornadoes, and disease, undeniably exists. Since the existence of God and the existence of natural evil are incompatible and natural evil exists, the following revised argument from evil is both valid and sound, entailing a true conclusion: 1) If God exists, then there exists a being who is omniscient, omnipotent, and perfectly good. 2) If there existed a being who were omniscient, omnipotent, and perfectly good, then there would be no natural evil. 3) But there is natural evil. C) God does not exist. http://hem.passagen.se/nicb/evil.htm

The Dictators Essay -- History, Politics, War

The twentieth century, unlike any other before it, saw dramatic changes in many different areas such as science, technology, politics, religion, and society. One of the most important and definitely the most obvious change is the increasing deadliness of war. Granted, people have died in wars from the very beginning, but in the twentieth century wars began to generate much higher body counts both among the contending armies and among civilian populations, the latter being the most drastic change in number of casualties. Similarly, in the twentieth century, two opposing dictatorships arose. Although both had many similarities, they represented the culmination of two different political ideologies that had flourished in Europe since the mid-nineteenth century. It all stems back to World War I, which produced a disillusioned public that increasingly sought to change their circumstances in life but attempted to do so outside of the established system. The two regimes are simply th e two exact extremes that were produced in this reaction. National Socialism represents an ultra-conservatism that goes way beyond the boundaries of conservatism as known today, whereas Communism represents ultra-liberalism. Because these two were so ideologically extreme on the right and left ends of the political spectrum respectively, in fact, the wrapped all the way around, so to speak, so that they were not actually that far from each other ideologically after all. So, the question is: if the ideology of the two regimes was so different, why then were there so many similarities? What really tied them together was the rejection of the same prevalent doctrine: liberalism (Overy 639). Both preached against the bourgeoisie and praised the common ... ...ent a similar occurrence in the future. It is important to look at these as archetypal examples of repression born from paranoia and ideologies twisted into bizarre shadows of their former intent. Although they are the two most studied and famous, there are other regimes throughout global history that can be approached in much the same way. For example, in terms of ideology, an historian could approach communist China or, in terms of genocide, one could approach the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia using the knowledge gleaned from the study of National Socialism and Communism. Similarly, it may be possible to use that same knowledge to foresee when a country might be headed towards such a regime and to attempt to prevent it from doing so. That way, the legacy of these regimes is not one of terror and bloodshed but instead one of helping to prevent more bloodshed.

Ford Motor Company Case Study Essay

Question 1. During the year 2006, Ford Motor Company suffered its biggest operating loss to date at the cost of $12.6 billion. A year later in 2007, things didn’t improve much as Ford posted a $2.7 billion loss. This corresponded with increasing deterioration in market share, with the majority of these losses being captured by other competitors. Ford had seemingly fallen down a slippery slope, and found itself in a hole it was struggling to surface from. This was all gearing up to the three-year recession that hit the U.S. and Global economies extremely hard. Ford’s competitors, General Motors and Chrysler, found themselves also struggling to get a foothold suffering such losses that both companies had to ask the government for massive bailouts while also filing for bankruptcy. Ford was apparently heading for the same disastrous bailout, but then Alan Mullaly stepped in as the new CEO and implemented a series of crucial strategic maneuvers. These strategic maneuvers that he coined as â€Å"One Ford,† aided them in getting a foothold out of the hole in which they dug for themselves by losses in market share. One such important strategic maneuver utilized by Ford was the reorganizing of its product line. It did so by standardizing components and making a stable of products that is more clearly defined for each market segment (Senna, 2013). Some benefits Ford has achieved through reorganizing its product line come from standardizing components globally and making a stable of products that is more clearly defined for each market segment (Senna, 2013). Before the change in demand, vehicles in Europe verses the U.S. were made with different components which built variations for their respected continents. These different unique components complicate production and with that complication came more cost. Ford then, under Mullaly’s direction, began to address this problem by building different models with the same or similar high quality components over the globe (Zboch, 2009). They use common parts to streamline the production line and reducing the number of unique vehicle parts. By standardizing components and reducing the number of different  platforms it offers, Ford is able to achieve better economies of scale and flexibility, which contributes to lower production cost for each new product (allowing them to prod uce hybrid and electric models more affordably for consumers) and also shift production to address changes in customer demand quickly (Ky, 2012). The Focus and Fiesta lines now use a single platform for each international market. Ford has also started making a stable of products that is more clearly defined for each market segment (small, medium, and large cars, utilities, and trucks), which also comes with benefits for the organization. Ford reduced its nameplates portfolio from 97 to between 25-30 and also brought over the Fiesta from Europe to the United States. The reduction allowed them to focus on global customer demand more intimately, by adapting the vehicle platforms to meet specific regional needs and produce vehicles that customers really want. This change still offers customers a large range of options despite the reduction in Ford’s nameplates (Zboch, 2009). Question 2.Ford has made various product modifications to the Ford Explorer with emphasis on safety and improving the customer experience to increase customer loyalty. They are consistently thinking of new design modification and exploring new opportuni ties with regards to new technology. They are using these new technologies to create new solutions for recurring safety problems. One such new technology is the curve control technology which works by measuring how quickly the vehicle is going and comparing that with how quickly the diver is trying to turn. When the vehicle is not turning as much as the driver is steering it activates and applies the precise amount of breaking required on each wheel to enhance the traditional stability control system. Ford also introduced the radar-enabled adaptive collision warning system to the Explorer, which helps drivers avoid potentially dangerous crashes by using radar to detect the position of other vehicles and warn the driver of these vehicles. Ford also instituted the first rollover-activated side curtain airbags (called Safety Canopy) and the first inflatable rear seatbelts into their Explorer (Ford, 2013). Ford also puts emphasis on going green, as the engine of the Explorer can have an EcoBoost which gives the engine high horsepower without losing fuel economy (Ford, 2012). Question 3.The new products coming out from Ford have recently put more attention on greater fuel efficiency as they have become a leader in fuel economy. Before the recession, Ford and most of its  competitors focused more on manufacturing vehicles with high fuel consumption and largely overlooked the increasing market for small cars. The oil shock of 2008 hit it resulted in rising fuel costs and brought about a change in consumer demand as a trend developed for â€Å"green† fuel efficient small cars (Zboch, 2009). Ford then changed its focus to a science-based strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and also increase fuel efficiency of their vehicles. With this strategy they developed an assortment of hybrid vehicles, which can qualify owners for a tax deduction and lower gas prices throughout the year. Ford has moreover enhanced its product line to be more â€Å"green† with the EcoBoost engine that has improved fuel-economy producing responsible resource saving results. Ford is also exploring and investing in alternative fuel opportunities in order to stay on the cutting edge of innovative new alternative fuel technologies like fuel cells, hydrogen power, and ethanol fueled engines. All these fuel saving innovations and opportunities will help increase its market share, while also giving them a competitive advantage (Ford, 2012). Ford has moreover made enhancements to safety technologies like side curtain airbags and inflatable seatbelts, and driver assist technologies like the Curve control and radar-based collision warning systems. Ford has become known as global leaders in vehicle safety by offering these innovative new enhancements ( Ford, 2013) . Question 4.Mullaly made a strategic rationalization when he reversed the discontinuation of the flagship brand line of Taurus. Taurus was once one of the most successful Ford’s cars and he was astonished that Ford had initially planned to discontinue this powerful name (Dolan, 2009). It costs many billions of dollars to build the brand loyalty that the Taurus name invokes and for Ford to throw this significant name recognition away seems to be a waste of a huge asset and a major oversight of the corporation. Mullaly made this fact aware and then strived to recharge the brand in order to bring it back to its former glory. The revamped Taurus is sleeker with a more muscular design and offers a range of technological options, from safety features to the voice-activated entertainment system (Dolan, 2009). Furthermore Mullaly made a strategic contraction by divest ing Ford’s noncore brands like Aston Martin, Jaguar, Land Rover, Volvo, and Mercury. This dissociating allowed them to give the necessary focus they need to revitalize the central Ford brand. Also they  are able to contribute extra attention to revamping their core-platforms by concentrating on accessible market opportunities in order to increase market share, not just here in the U.S but on a global scale (Zboch, 2009). Although this divesting could be considered a form of strategic inconsistency, because these names have brand loyalty and name recognition in and of itself. By selling these brands off, Ford is losing the valuable brand equity that leaves with them, but Mullaly wanted to reinstate the Taurus for its brand equity and not lose the loyalty around that brand. Although it Taurus was once a core-platforms, it still shows somewhat of a strategic inconsistency. Question 5. In the past five years Ford has made changes to their product lines that follow their four pillars. These pillars are quality, green, safe, and smart. In the quality section they have made changes by buying the best quality parts possible and standardize the components that are used in many d ifferent platforms to get the best quality at the lowest cost possible (Ford, 2012). They are in addition working to design and improve engineering characteristics in line with the customer’s wants and needs for their vehicles. An example would be the hands-free Sync entertainment system. In the green pillar, Ford has been developing new ways to produce more fuel efficient vehicles. They have made great leaps in changing to a more eco-friendly manufactures that continue to improve their products fuel-economy (Zboch, 2009). In this example they have started to produce hybrid vehicles and an EcoBoost engine which they are very excited about. For Safety category, Ford is continuing to develop the best quality safety technologies for their vehicles, with the thought of greater protection and avoidance measures on their mind. They are the first to offer systems like side-curtain airbags and inflatable seatbelts in a large variety of platforms and in addition have created new technologies like the curve control and radar-based collision warning system (Ford, 2013). The changed in the smart pillar, Ford has made strides to deliver technologies that not only make the customers riding experience more entertaining, but also make the gives the vehicle added safety. An example of this is the Sync system which works through voice commands and in addition the newly improved safety technologies. Ford has been using these pillars and will continue use them into the future, as guild-lines to be followed as they make changes to their product lines (Zboch, 2009). They believe that with this strategy they  will be able to stay innovative in order to create a competitive advantage that will lead to an increase in global market share. Citations Dolan, M. (2009, Jun 23). Ford’s Mulally sees a Taurus in his future -CEO hopes to revive sedan that once was best-seller; high price, large size are obstacles. Wall Street Journal Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.gvsu.edu/docview/399050980?accountid=39473 Ford. † Ford introduces new curve control technology to help protect against crashes on curves.†Http://corporate.ford.com/news-center/press-releases-detail/pr-ford-introduces-new-curve-control-32869?cmp=ford_rss_tags%7CTechnology. 2014. Web. 28 Sept. 2014. Ky, Samantha. â€Å"Chapter 10 Product Items.† Prezi.com, 12 Oct. 2012. Web. 03 Oct. 2014. . Senna, Alvin. â€Å"COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FORD MOTOR COMPANY.† NEWS WEEKLYLOGISTIC. 2013. Web. 27 Sept. 2014. . Ford. â€Å"Year in Review.† – Sustainability 2011/12. Ford Motor Company, 2011. Web. 29 Sept. 2014. Zboch, Heather. â€Å"Innovation and Its Importance at Ford Motor Company.†HubPages. Phoenix Business, 28 O ct. 2009. Web. 27 Sept. 2014. .

Human Resource Development Essay

Involve them, trust them and treat them as resource or assets. 3- Fours on strengths of people and help them overcome their weakness. 4- Integrate individual’s needs & aspiration to organization Objectives of HRD:- 1- Develop high motivation level – To strengthen superior-subordinate relationship 3- To develop a sense of team spirit, team work & inter team collaboration. 4- To develop the original health, culture & climate. 5- To generate systematic info about HR 6- To increase the capabilities of an organization to recruit, select, retain and motivate talented employees. 7- To develop constructive mind in employees. 8- To generate info about HR for manpower planning, placement, successive planning and like. Author – Meera Sharma SCOPE: The field of HRD or Human Resource Development encompasses several aspects of enabling and empowering human resources in organization. Whereas earlier HRD was denoted as managing people in organizations with emphasis on payroll, training and other functions that were designed to keep employees happy, the current line of management thought focuses on empowering and enabling them to become employees capable of fulfilling their aspirations and actualizing their potential. This shift in the way human resources are treated has come about due to the prevailing notion that human resources are sources of competitive advantage and not merely employees fulfilling their job responsibilities. The point here is that the current paradigm in HRD treats employees as value creators and assets based on the RBV or the Resource Based View of the firm that has emerged in the SHRM (Strategic Human Resource Management) field. The field of HRD spans several functions across the organization starting with employee recruitment and training, appraisals and payroll and extending to the recreational and motivational aspects of employee development. The main functions of HRD are:- 1. Training and development Training and development is aimed at improving or changing the knowledge skills and attitudes of the employees. While training involves providing the knowledge and skills required for doing a particular job to the employees, developmental activities focus on preparing the employees for future job responsibilities by increasing the capabilities of an employee which also helps him perform his present job in a better way. These activities start when an employee joins an organization in the form of orientation and skills training. After the employee becomes proficient, the HR activities focus on the development of the employee through methods like coaching and counseling. 2 Organization development OD is the process of increasing the effectiveness of an organization along with the well being of its members with the help of planned interventions that use the concepts of behavioral science. Both micro and macro changes are implemented to achieve organization development. While the macro changes are intended to improve the overall effectiveness of the organization the micro changes are aimed at individuals of small groups. Employee involvement programmes requiring fundamental changes in work expectation, reporting, procedures and reward systems are aimed at improving the effectiveness of the organization. The human resource development professional involved in the organization development intervention acts as an agent of change. He often consults and advising the line manager in strategies that can be adopted to implement the required changes and sometimes becomes directly involve in implementing these strategies. 3. Career development It is a continuous process in which an individual progresses through different stages of career each having a relatively unique set of issues and tasks. Career development comprises of two distinct processes. Career Planning and career management. Whereas career planning involves activities to be performed by the employee, often with the help of counselor and others, to assess his capabilities and skills in order to frame realistic career plan. Career management involves the necessary steps that need to be taken to achieve that plan. Career management generally focus more on the steps that an organization that can take to foster the career development of the employees.

Human Resources Management

Questions 1. What should be the format and final form of the store manager’s job description? There is no standard format as to what should be included in the job description of store manager but most job descriptions cover the following sections †¢ Job identification †¢ Job summary †¢ Responsibilities and Duties †¢ Authority of incumbent †¢ Standards of performance †¢ Working conditions †¢ Job specification 2. Is it practical to specify standards and procedures in the body of the job description, or should these be kept separate?Not all the standards and procedures are important to mention in the body of job description except the ones that are relevant and important for the applicants to know i. e. Performance and Competency standards. Note: It depends upon the type of job under discussion as to what sort of standards to include. 3. How should Jennifer go about collecting the information required for the standards, procedures and job descri ption?First of all Jennifer should conduct a complete job analysis for the job of store manager and she should also check out existing policies and procedures of the company in place, then she should use one or more of the following methods for collecting information about Standards, Procedures and Job description for the job of Store Manager. †¢ The Interview †¢ Questionnaire †¢ Observation †¢ Participant Diary/ Logs In addition to these basic methods Jennifer Carter can also use these Quantitative techniques as well for measuring job description of store manager Position analysis questionnaire †¢ Department of labor procedures †¢ Functional job analysis 4. What, in your opinion should the store manager’s job description look like and contain? The Sore manager’s job description should look like and contain the following things. Carter Cleaning Center Store Manager Job Description |Title |2025 Store Manager | |Department(s) |Cleaning | |Re ports to |President (Jennifer Carter) | Job summaryThe store manager is responsible for directing all store activities in such a way that quality work is produced, customer relations and sales are maximized and profitability is maintained through effective control of labor supply and energy costs Summary of essential job functions In accomplishing the general aim the store manager’s duties and responsibilities are †¢ Quality control †¢ Store appearance and cleanliness †¢ Customer relations †¢ Bookkeeping and cash management †¢ Cost control and productivity †¢ Damage control †¢ Pricing †¢ Inventory control †¢ Spotting and cleaning Machine maintenance †¢ Purchasing †¢ Employee safety †¢ Hazardous waste removal †¢ Humane resource administration †¢ Pest control Knowledge, skills and abilities (The knowledge, skills and attitudes required for satisfactory job performance) Knowledge The incumbent must have profic ient knowledge in the following areas: †¢ Cusomer service †¢ Accounts payable accounts receivables †¢ Store and motel management and administration Skills The incumbent must demonstrate the following skills: Personal Attributes The incumbent must also demonstrate the following personal attributes: be honest and trustworthy †¢ possess cultural awarenes and senstivity The Store Manager would normally attain the required knowledge, skills and attitudes through related in experience in a retail setting. Equivalencies will be considered. Disclaimer The above statements are intended to describe the general nature and level of work being performed by people assigned to this classification. They are not to be construed as an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills required of personnel so classified.All personnel may be required to perform duties outside of their normal responsibilities from time to time, as needed. Additional information |HR use only | |Job code | | |Generic title | | |Pay grade | | |Management? (Yes/No) | | |E/NE status | | |Last revised | | ———————– †¢ excellent customer service and interpersonal skills †¢ effective verbal and listening communications skills †¢ effective written communications skills †¢ decision making skills †¢ time management skills †¢ analytical and problem solving skills †¢

Gay marriage Essay

The sanctioning of gay marriage is a moral way forward and has positive outcomes in all aspects of life. Homosexuality it seems is a modern concept in terms of today’s news, especially as the legalization of gay marriages are now at the forefront of today’s current issues. The facts are, homosexuality is not a modern concept or a modern way of life, from as far back as history will allow us to delve it is believed that homosexuality in men has always existed. Many ancient writers, such as Strabo and Athenaeus, wrote that the Gauls or Celts commonly practiced homosexuality. Aristotle wrote that the Celts â€Å"openly held in honor passionate friendship (synousia) between males†. Diodorus Siculus wrote that â€Å"Although the Gauls have lovely women, they scarcely pay attention to them, but strangely crave male embraces (arrenon epiplokas). (Norton) As we have moved through the centuries and certainly more towards the end of the last century and into this one, it has become a lesser taboo subject than it once was. The media has brought to our attention, positive and sometimes negative reactions to people who practice same sex relationships. Even celebrities have, in some ways, brought about a wider recognition of homosexual behaviour and thankfully this has allowed a certain extent of acceptance. The familiarity of reading and viewing such issues has enabled a greater reception and a recognized tolerance for the gay community. From a libertarian point of view, we are discouraged and prohibited from causing any racial or discriminatory behaviour towards others; be more open minded towards differing lifestyles and opinions, and this should not be any different towards homosexuals, or those seeking to enter into a gay marriage. Ostracizing homosexuals only leads to and breeds a misunderstanding and a promotion of discrimination. Homosexuals do not choose to live this way out of defiance or rebellion; they are born this way and should not be made to feel victimized. A further hindrance in the fight for legalization is the concept that allowing such justification would give confidence to those individuals having the need to marry their pets or walk down the aisle with their blow up dolls. This argument is preposterous as in the first instance there can never be an entry into marriage between any beast and a human. The beast has no ability to speak and cannot therefore agree to marriage, the same goes for a doll or any animate object. It is difficult enough in this day and age to maintain any kind of relationship and being involved in a gay relationship is no different, perhaps in some cases it is harder, however as society has struggled to come to terms with this behaviour, it should be reminded that any relationship, if it is a healthy relationship, is a good relationship regardless of who is involved and their chosen sexuality. The legalization of gay marriages will support and promote homosexuality and this should be regarded in a positive way for all those concerned. Studies repeatedly demonstrate that people who marry tend to be better off financially, emotionally, psychologically, and even medically. (Cline) A communatarian standpoint would be that though the above concentrates solely on the personal benefits, the same can be realised when considering the families of gay couples and the communities they live in. The acceptance and legalization of their unity promotes a healthy attitude and has a constructive influence on others, consequently this influence creates routine, stability, positive role models and a preferred society to live in. Homosexuals are not harming anyone with their intentions of marriage, it is simply the next level of their relationship and they should not be denied this as their right. â€Å"When your government puts into place laws that prevent people from being equal they set the stage for those who discriminate to feel justified. † (Hosty) Legal classification has and can be changed; society and tradition have changed without the need for a legal approval therefore there seems no reason to uphold the argument. It has been said that homosexuality weakens the definition of marriage and that the belief and crusade for legalization will encourage and increase ‘fake’ marriages. Yet who is to say that this does not occur in heterosexual marriages. Attempting to pocket homosexuals into this category of behaviour is a poor attempt of a weak argument and should be disregarded when looking for blame in this area. The procreation debate is another common case of contention, many believing that marriage should then result in reproduction and in endorsing homosexual behaviour the human race will suffer. Homosexuals do not influence heterosexual people; there will not come a time when there are no heterosexuals left due to homosexuals. Homosexuality is not a recruitment agency. It is not clear why straight people would stop procreating if gays could marry. The factors driving people to reproduce — the needs for love and to love another, the purported instinct to propagate one’s genes, religious obligations — would still exist if Adam and Steve could marry. No couple has ever been required to procreate in order to marry. No couple has ever even been required to be able to procreate in order to marry. Sterile couples and old couples can marry. Couples physically able to procreate but who do not want to procreate can get married. (Carpenter) Tradition and family values have also featured in the arguments against gay marriage, yet the world seems to be content to develop in technological and other social customs. No laws have been introduced to prevent heterosexual couples from living together outside of marriage, nor have there been any actions taken against single, heterosexual women adopting children, yet when it comes to homosexuals and the idea of them legally binding their love, this is unacceptable. According to The Bible it clearly condemns all sexual behaviors outside of marriage between one man and one woman. Homosexual behavior is explicitly condemned in both the Old and New Testaments as an abomination and a violation of God’s standards for sexuality. (Coalition) Yet this is not a law, it is a book of beliefs, a book that many people claim to believe in, yet fail to live by its words. Only choosing what is to suit personal purpose is this referred to. Many people, who claim to believe in The Bible, and its beliefs in respect of homosexuals, do not take into account their own lives and that perhaps they flout the Books scriptures. None of us live perfect lives, yet there are numerous bigoted people who drive for the argument against something as inoffensive as a homosexual couple showing their love. Statistically speaking it is known that homosexuals live 20 years less than heterosexuals therefore the argument continues that legalization would be encouraging an unhealthy lifestyle. Numerous conflicts make homosexual behaviors abnormal, including rampant promiscuity, inability to maintain commitment, psychiatric disorders and medical illnesses with a shortened life span. The sexual practices of homosexuals involve serious health risks and illness. Specifically, sodomy as a sexual behavior is associated with significant and life-threatening health problems. Unhealthy sexual behaviors occur among both heterosexuals and homosexuals. Yet the medical and social science evidence indicate that homosexual behavior is uniformly unhealthy. Men having sex with other men leads to greater health risks than men having sex with women, not only because of promiscuity but also because of the nature of sex among men. (Fitzgibbons) Heterosexuals also live unsavory lifestyles; drug users, criminals and sexual predators all come in different shapes, sizes, gender and color, being homosexual is not primarily unhealthy and if society were to accept this lifestyle more readily, perhaps the gay community may adapt their lifestyles and take less risks. A loving and stable relationship, albeit a homosexual one, generates maturity and respective values towards one another. Throughout history there have been many definitions of marriage. Usually; A legally recognized union of a man and a woman by ceremony or common law. (Services) but more recently this has been generalized to identify marriage as two people who are married to each other. The emphasis being on the word ‘people’ implies that there has been an easing of attitude, therefore why would this definition change? If marriage is indeed meant only for procreation purposes, why are infertile couples allowed to enter into marriage when there will be no child borne from the relationship? There are heterosexual couples who have married in later life, with no desire for children and they do not come across such obstacles when making their decision. From a utilarian aspect, a child will only develop positively in a loving and stable relationship; this can take place in a homosexual relationship just as well as in a ‘conventional’ relationship. There will always be a form of resistance where change is involved. Fear of the unknown, lack of knowledge and more importantly, ignorance will all factor in this struggle to change people’s opinions. The legalization of a gay marriage should not be about the sexuality of the couple; it should be about recognizing and celebrating a couple’s love for one another. Marriages have changed erratically over the years, respectively considered to be ‘uncool’ or ‘unnecessary. In the past it was thought to be sinful to live with a partner and not enter into marriage, yet our views of this have changed. It is perfectly acceptable to have multiple partners and to cohabit with your chosen partner yet when it comes to those individuals who chose to live together and get married from the same sex, this is not acceptable. There are innumerable ‘slippery slope’ theories that have no ultimate backbone to their arguments. Anyone it seems, no matter what they engage in, be it any kind of sexual deviance, religious beliefs, personal lifestyle choice, they are given permission to say â€Å"I do†, however, if those same people were to be homosexual, their permission would not only be denied but they would suffer judgment and prejudice from those standing court. A persons future happiness should not be determined by small minded and judgemental bureaucrats. It may be a more practical method to way up the statistics of the general public as they are, after all, the majority of the society we have to live in. The statistics overleaf highlight the conclusion that there seems to be an opposition from the middle aged generation, unable to move on from tradition and their political persuasions. (Times) Carpenter, Dale. Independent Gay Forum – Gay Marriage and Procreation. 18 March 2004. 20 March 2008 . Cline, August. Gay Rights, Marriage & Homophobia: Ethical & Political Issues: Arguments for Gay Marriage: Moral and Social Arguments for Gay Marriage. 20 March 2008 . Coalition, The Traditional Values. Traditional Values Defined – What Are Traditional Values? 20 March 2008 . Fitzgibbons, Rick. Medical Downside of Homosexual Behavior. 18 September 2003. 20 March 2008 . Hosty, John. Live, Love, and Learn. 12 December 2005. 20 March 2008 . Norton, Rictor. â€Å"Taking a Husband†: â€Å"A History of Gay Marriage† Queer Culture. 21 February 2004 (amended 2006). 20 March 2008 . Services, Department of Human. Department of Human Services. 20 March 2008 . Times, The Seattle. Rogue Pundit: Statistics, Gay Marriage and Equal Rights. 28 March 2004. 20 March 2008 . hhhh

The effects of concentration camps during the Holocaust on the people Essay

The effects of concentration camps during the Holocaust on the people who lived in them - Essay Example Age, gender and other supporting factors determined where you were selected to go. Millions of Jews were enslaved, exploited for scientific experiments, murdered and subjected to a number of atrocities. This â€Å"widespread destruction of the Jews† has been recorded in history as the Holocaust. However, while the Jews were subjected to the greater number of atrocities, other nationalities and ethnic groups received comparable treatment by virtue of the Nazi’s concentration camps. The concentration (labour) camps in particular were established in German conquered and occupied areas and thus included the Poles, French, Czechs, Dutch, Yugoslavians, Belgians and any other nationalities in the conquered and occupied countries. The majority of prisoners however were Jews and Gypsies who were primarily destined for the extermination camps. Once the Second World War ended, many healthcare professionals came into contact with the survivors of the Nazi concentration camps. Accou nts of the effects of the concentration camps during the holocaust and the people who lived in them began to emerge. German camps were divided into three types: extermination, concentration and labour camps. Extermination camps were designed to murder masses of human beings primarily through gas chambers. Auschwitz-Birkenau served a dual purpose in that healthy Jews were put to work and only temporarily spared the gas chambers. All others were murdered. ... For example the death rate at Dachau camp in Germany was 4% in 1938. But by 1942 the death rate increased to 36%.7 The work was characterized by â€Å"victimization and terror†.8 Victims were forced to work to the point of â€Å"exhaustion† and were not provided with basic working equipment.9 Through the constant inflow of prisoners, the camps became unbearably overcrowded so that living conditions were subhuman.10 A report by one survivor reflects the magnitude of the victims’ struggle to survive in Nazi concentration camps. Elie Cohan, a Jewish physician from the Netherlands, whose parents had been killed in Auschwitz, was sent along with his wife and children to camps in Amersfort and then to Westerbork. Cohen’s life was spared because he was a doctor and the Nazis needed his services. When his wife offended a German Jew, Cohen and his family were immediately transported to Auschwitz where his family was put to death in the gas chambers immediately afte r arrival. Cohen however was not accorded time to grieve and had to work immediately with little food and water. When he was liberated he weighed less than 80 pounds and was described as â€Å"someone on the threshold of death†.11 The effects of living in a concentration camp regardless of whether it was a death camp or a labour camp appear to be entirely the same for all inhabitants.12 Inmates were shaved, dressed in standard inmate attire and forced to wear a tattoo for identification. This forced the people living in the concentration camps to lose all identity and essentially dehumanized them. Even when the Second World War came to an end and the concentration camps were forced to close because of the approaching allied forces, the taste of freedom was also bitter and just as horrifying as incarceration.13The

Crafting and executing a winning strategy Essay

Crafting and executing a winning strategy - Essay Example However, as big corporations are being washed out with the erosion of public/stakeholder trust due to unethical and socially irresponsible behavior, today, corporate strategists realize that a perceptible commitment to ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) has clear implications for the corporate bottom line, and integrating it as a part of corporate strategy would significantly improve business performance. [Hopkins, 2003; Houck and William, 1996] The paper examines the linkage between company's effort to craft and execute a winning strategy and its social responsibility - the company's duties to conduct its activities in an ethical manner and demonstrate socially responsible behavior as a committed corporate citizen, attending to the needs of all the stakeholders. In doing so, it shall attempt to analyze what ethics and social responsibility means in the corporate strategy context, the debates surrounding the relevance of social responsibility, and also examines the significance of ethical and socially responsible behavior by corporations for survival and success. It shall also look at ways to incorporate ethics and social responsibility into corporate strategies for ensuring long-term success of corporations. The environmental movement of the 1980s and 1990s, which exposed many unethical corporate practices by companies such as Nestle, Shell and the rising cases of corporate scandals in the recent years signifying unethical and irresponsible behavior by top officials, such as those at Enron, WorldCom etc., have brought about the significance of ethics and social responsibility as a legitimate topic in the formulation and implementation of business strategy. [Hopkins, 2003] While the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably, as management imperatives, business ethics and corporate social responsibility are distinct concepts, though with inevitable overlaps. It may be worthwhile to clearly understand the two precepts before attempting to analyze their significance in creating winning strategies. Ethics in business, an age-old concept, advocates ethically appropriate behavior by businesses to the stakeholders directly concerned with the business enterprise, viz. managers, consumers, investors/owners and employees. [Hopkins, 2003] Ethical behavior in business extends to all segments of business management at the enterprise level including finance and accounting, human resources management, sales and marketing, production and intellectual property. While a consensus on the definition has not been achieved, corporate social responsibility is stated to be "concerned with treating the stakeholders of the firm ethically or in a responsible manner." [Hopkins, 2003; p.1] Corporate social responsibility, a more inclusive concept business ethics, extends beyond the enterprise level to all stakeholders, what Hopkins describes as, "the seven azimuths", within which the enterprises trade and operate viz.: owners/investors (shareholders or stockholders); management; employees; customers; t he natural environment; the wider community (including government); contractors/suppliers. [Hopkins, 2003, p. 3] CSR as a winning business strategy concerns with the responsibility of the company to each of these seven groups; it may include responsibility to competitors as well.